Analysis of Weed Communities in Solar Farms Located in Tropical Areas—The Case of Malaysia

Weed management in large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSS-PV) farms has become a great concern to the industry due scarcity of labour and ever-increasing price pesticides, which opens up possibilities for integrated farming, also known as agrivoltaics. Improper weed control may have multiple negative impacts such permanent shading module surface, pest housing damages communication cables, even bush fires. The shaded PV modules can be heated extreme temperatures, causing costly burn-out damage. Critical information on types weeds farms, especially Malaysia, not been established support concept management. Thus, with this study, detailed composition community was obtained via quadrat sampling between modules, near ground equipment, perimeter fencing, directly underneath modules. Weed-control measures high-quality weedmat installation under arrays implemented where approach considered effective based existing structure height equipment constraints plus increasing cost agricultural inputs. This work underlines proposed Agrivoltaic Large Scale Solar (Agrivoltaic4LSS) program complement Malaysia towards an agrivoltaic, eco-friendly